GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1)

Mechanism of action: Binds copper ions essential for tissue repair; Stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis; Promotes fibroblast proliferation; Supports angiogenesis; Modulates genes involved in tissue repair and inflammation; Enhances extracellular matrix remodeling

Proposed indications: Skin rejuvenation; Improved skin elasticity; Wound healing; Scar remodeling; Hair growth; Reduced inflammation; Peripheral nerve repair; Recovery from skin procedures

Typical clinical dosing schedule: No approved drug dosing. Topical products are typically formulated around 0.05–0.2% GHK-Cu and used according to manufacturer instructions; injectable/compounded dosing has no standardized regimen and is determined by the prescribing provider.

Administration: Topical cream or serum; also used as a compounded injectable in some clinical/research settings — Per product instructions (topical) or as directed by a prescriber (injectable)

Compare with: BPC-157TB-500 (Thymosin β4 Fragment)Thymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin)

Evidence rating: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ — Substantial preclinical evidence and multiple human cosmetic studies support benefits for skin quality, elasticity, and wound/scar healing; evidence for hair growth, nerve regeneration, and inflammation is earlier-stage.

Landmark trials: Dr. Loren Pickart's work — Identified GHK-Cu as a naturally occurring peptide involved in tissue repair. Subsequent studies have demonstrated improved wound healing and collagen production.

Common side effects: Mild skin irritation, Redness, Contact dermatitis (rare), Injection-site discomfort (injectable use)

Serious risks: No major systemic safety concerns have been identified with topical use.; Rare allergic reactions have been reported.

Drug interactions: None known.

Monitoring: Clinical assessment of skin response.

Legal status: Not FDA-approved as a drug. Available over-the-counter as a cosmetic/topical ingredient; also used off-label as a compounded injectable in some clinical/research settings — neither route is FDA-approved, and injectable use should only occur under the direction of a licensed healthcare provider.

Regulatory status: Naturally occurring (human plasma, saliva, urine) • Cosmetic ingredient • Not FDA approved as a drug

Contraindications: Known allergy or hypersensitivity to copper or formulation components

Pregnancy & breastfeeding: Insufficient data; use with caution.

Pickart L, et al. (2015). Reviews on GHK-Cu and tissue regeneration. Maquart FX, et al. Studies on collagen synthesis induced by GHK-Cu.